Chicago Style Format Guide

    Master the fundamentals of Chicago style formatting for academic papers and research documents.

    Try Our Tools
    Free

    Put these guides into practice with our powerful academic tools

    Chicago Citation Generator

    Featured

    Generate Chicago citations automatically

    Try Now

    Deep Research Tool

    Find and organize academic sources

    Try Now
    Published: September 15, 2025

    Chicago Style Format Overview

    Chicago style formatting follows the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) and offers two distinct citation systems: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date. Understanding proper formatting ensures your historical, literary, and arts research meets academic standards.

    Quick Format Reference

    • Font: 12-point Times New Roman
    • Margins: 1 inch on all sides
    • Line Spacing: Double-spaced
    • Page Numbers: Top right corner
    • Alignment: Left-aligned (not justified)

    Dual Citation Systems

    Notes-Bibliography System

    Primarily used in history, literature, and arts. Uses numbered footnotes or endnotes for citations, plus a bibliography listing all sources.

    In-text citation:
    As historian David McCullough observed, "The past is prologue."¹

    Footnote:
    1. David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001), 45.

    Author-Date System

    Common in social sciences and sciences. Uses parenthetical citations with author's last name and publication year, plus a reference list.

    In-text citation:
    Historical research reveals complex patterns (McCullough 2001, 45).

    Reference list entry:
    McCullough, David. 2001. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster.

    Document Setup Requirements

    Basic Formatting

    • • Use 12-point Times New Roman font throughout
    • • Set 1-inch margins on all sides
    • • Double-space the entire document, including footnotes
    • • Use left alignment (avoid full justification)
    • • Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches

    Page Numbers and Headers

    • • Place page numbers in the top right corner
    • • Begin numbering on the first page of text
    • • Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3...)
    • • No headers or footers unless specifically required

    Title Page Elements

    Include the following information, centered and double-spaced:

    • • Full title of your paper
    • • Your full name
    • • Course name and number
    • • Instructor's name
    • • Date of submission

    Headings and Subheadings

    Chicago style uses a flexible hierarchy for headings. For most academic papers, use the following format:

    Level 1: Centered, Bold, Title Case
    The Impact of Industrialization
    Level 2: Centered, Regular, Title Case
    Economic Transformations
    Level 3: Flush Left, Bold, Title Case
    Labor Movement Changes
    Level 4: Flush Left, Bold, Sentence case
    Workers' responses to mechanization

    Block Quotations

    Use block quotations for prose passages of five or more lines, or poetry of two or more lines:

    • • Indent the entire quotation 0.5 inches from the left margin
    • • Do not use quotation marks around block quotes
    • • Maintain double spacing
    • • Place the citation after the final punctuation

    Lincoln's Gettysburg Address demonstrates the power of concise rhetoric:

    Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.²

    Common Formatting Mistakes to Avoid

    • Wrong font size or type: Stick to 12-point Times New Roman
    • Incorrect margins: Use exactly 1 inch on all sides
    • Single spacing: Everything should be double-spaced
    • Missing page numbers: Number all pages except the title page
    • Inconsistent heading format: Follow the hierarchy system
    • Mixing citation systems: Use either Notes-Bibliography OR Author-Date, not both

    Ready to Create Chicago Citations?

    Generate properly formatted Chicago citations instantly with our citation tool.

    Chicago Citation Generator