How to Cite Videos & Films in Chicago Style

Video Citation Elements

• • Title (italicized for films, quoted for videos)
• • Director, producer, or creator
• • Format or medium
• • Distributor or platform
• • Release date
• • Runtime (when relevant)
• • URL (for online videos)

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. Lincoln, directed by Steven Spielberg (2012; Los Angeles: DreamWorks Pictures, 2013), DVD.

Notes-Bibliography bibliography:
Lincoln. Directed by Steven Spielberg. 2012; Los Angeles: DreamWorks Pictures, 2013. DVD.

Author-Date reference list:
Spielberg, Steven, dir. 2012. Lincoln. Los Angeles: DreamWorks Pictures, 2013. DVD.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. The Crown, season 4, episode 3, "Fairytale," directed by Benjamin Caron, featuring Olivia Colman and Helena Bonham Carter, aired November 15, 2020, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/80025678.

Author-Date reference list:
Caron, Benjamin, dir. 2020. The Crown, Season 4, episode 3, "Fairytale." Netflix. November 15, 2020. https://www.netflix.com/title/80025678.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. The Civil War, directed by Ken Burns (1990; Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2002), DVD, disc 1.

Notes-Bibliography bibliography:
The Civil War. Directed by Ken Burns. 1990; Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2002. DVD.

Author-Date reference list:
Burns, Ken, dir. 1990. The Civil War. Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2002. DVD.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. Democracy Under Pressure, directed by Sarah Johnson, Historical Documentary Films, 2023, Vimeo, 58:42, https://vimeo.com/123456789.

Author-Date reference list:
Johnson, Sarah, dir. 2023. Democracy Under Pressure. Historical Documentary Films. Vimeo, 58:42. https://vimeo.com/123456789.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. Crash Course, "The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism," YouTube video, 11:52, posted November 10, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABC123DEF456.

Notes-Bibliography bibliography:
Crash Course. "The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism." YouTube video, 11:52. Posted November 10, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABC123DEF456.

Author-Date reference list:
Crash Course. 2023. "The Constitution, the Articles, and Federalism." YouTube video, 11:52. Posted November 10, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABC123DEF456.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. David Miller, "Understanding Historical Methodology in 10 Minutes," YouTube video, 9:34, posted November 8, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYZ789ABC123.

Author-Date reference list:
Miller, David. 2023. "Understanding Historical Methodology in 10 Minutes." YouTube video, 9:34. Posted November 8, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYZ789ABC123.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. "The Election of 1860," American Experience, season 32, episode 4, directed by Michael Williams, aired October 15, 2023, on PBS.

Notes-Bibliography bibliography:
"The Election of 1860." American Experience, season 32, episode 4. Directed by Michael Williams. Aired October 15, 2023, on PBS.

Notes-Bibliography bibliography:
American Experience. 1988-present. Created by Peter McGhee. Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. "Election Night Coverage," NBC Nightly News, NBC, November 5, 2024, https://www.nbc.com/nightly-news/video/election-night-2024.

Author-Date reference list:
NBC Nightly News. 2024. "Election Night Coverage." NBC. November 5, 2024. https://www.nbc.com/nightly-news/video/election-night-2024.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. Patricia Williams, "Digital Archives and Historical Research" (lecture, American Historical Association virtual conference, November 18, 2023), https://www.historians.org/conferences/2023/digital-archives.

Author-Date reference list:
Williams, Patricia. 2023. "Digital Archives and Historical Research." Lecture, American Historical Association virtual conference, November 18, 2023. https://www.historians.org/conferences/2023/digital-archives.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. The Social Dilemma, directed by Jeff Orlowski (Netflix, 2020), https://www.netflix.com/title/81254224.

Author-Date reference list:
Orlowski, Jeff, dir. 2020. The Social Dilemma. Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/title/81254224.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. The Man in the High Castle, season 1, episode 1, "The New World," directed by David Semel, Amazon Prime Video, 2015.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. "Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' Speech," filmed August 28, 1963, National Archives and Records Administration, https://catalog.archives.gov/id/595162.

Author-Date reference list:
National Archives and Records Administration. 1963. "Martin Luther King Jr.'s 'I Have a Dream' Speech." Filmed August 28, 1963. https://catalog.archives.gov/id/595162.

Notes-Bibliography footnote:
1. "The History of American Democracy," BackStory, hosted by Brian Balogh, Nathan Connolly, and Joanne Freeman, video podcast, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, November 12, 2023, https://backstory.vpm.org/democracy-episode.

Author-Date reference list:
Balogh, Brian, Nathan Connolly, and Joanne Freeman, hosts. 2023. "The History of American Democracy." BackStory, video podcast. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, November 12, 2023. https://backstory.vpm.org/democracy-episode.