Chicago Style Citation Examples

    Complete collection of Chicago citation examples for all source types using both citation systems.

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    Published: September 15, 2025
    By heypaperhero Team

    Sample Bibliography Page

    Here's a complete sample bibliography page showing various source types formatted in Chicago Notes-Bibliography style:

    Bibliography
    Adams, Jennifer, and Michael Brown. "Collaborative Research in Historical Studies." History and Method 67, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 23-45.
    Chen, Susan. "Modern Voting Patterns in American Democracy." American Political Association. Last modified October 15, 2023. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.apa.org/voting-patterns.
    The Civil War. Directed by Ken Burns. 1990; Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2002. DVD.
    Johnson, Sarah. Democratic Ideals in Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
    Miller, David. "Climate Policy Debates Heat Up." Washington Post, November 12, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-policy-debates.
    OpenAI. ChatGPT (GPT-4). "Causes of the American Civil War." November 15, 2023. https://chat.openai.com.
    "Political Trends in Modern Democracy." Contemporary Politics 29, no. 3 (2023): 45-62.
    U.S. Department of Education. Annual Report on Educational Progress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2023.
    Williams, Patricia (@pwilliams). "Democracy requires active participation from all citizens, not just during election years." Twitter, November 15, 2023, 3:42 p.m. https://twitter.com/pwilliams/status/1234567890.

    Sample Reference List (Author-Date)

    Here's the same sources formatted for the Author-Date system:

    Reference List
    Adams, Jennifer, and Michael Brown. 2023. "Collaborative Research in Historical Studies." History and Method 67 (1): 23-45.
    Burns, Ken, dir. 1990. The Civil War. Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video, 2002. DVD.
    Chen, Susan. 2023. "Modern Voting Patterns in American Democracy." American Political Association. Last modified October 15, 2023. Accessed November 1, 2023. https://www.apa.org/voting-patterns.
    Johnson, Sarah. 2022. Democratic Ideals in Practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Miller, David. 2023. "Climate Policy Debates Heat Up." Washington Post, November 12, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-policy-debates.
    OpenAI. 2023. ChatGPT (GPT-4). "Causes of the American Civil War." November 15, 2023. https://chat.openai.com.
    "Political Trends in Modern Democracy." 2023. Contemporary Politics 29 (3): 45-62.
    U.S. Department of Education. 2023. Annual Report on Educational Progress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
    Williams, Patricia (@pwilliams). 2023. "Democracy requires active participation from all citizens, not just during election years." Twitter, November 15, 2023, 3:42 p.m. https://twitter.com/pwilliams/status/1234567890.

    Complete Paper Example with Citations

    Here's an excerpt from a research paper showing proper in-text citations and formatting:

    The Evolution of Democratic Participation in America
    Sarah Student
    History 301
    Professor Williams
    November 30, 2023

    The concept of democratic participation has evolved significantly throughout American history. As historian Sarah Johnson notes, "democracy requires active citizenship from all segments of society."¹ This principle, established during the founding era, has been tested and redefined through various historical periods.

    Recent scholarship has highlighted the role of technology in modern political engagement.² Digital platforms have created new avenues for civic participation, though they have also introduced challenges such as information overload and political polarization.³ Social media, in particular, has become a primary venue for political discourse, with citizens using platforms like Twitter to engage directly with elected officials.⁴

    Contemporary analysis suggests that these digital tools represent both opportunities and challenges for democratic institutions.⁵ The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated many of these trends, as documented in recent government reports on civic engagement.⁶

    1. Sarah Johnson, Democratic Ideals in Practice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022), 15.
    2. Jennifer Adams and Michael Brown, "Collaborative Research in Historical Studies," History and Method 67, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 23-45.
    3. David Miller, "Climate Policy Debates Heat Up," Washington Post, November 12, 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-policy-debates.
    4. Patricia Williams (@pwilliams), "Democracy requires active participation," Twitter, November 15, 2023, 3:42 p.m., https://twitter.com/pwilliams/status/1234567890.
    5. "Political Trends in Modern Democracy," Contemporary Politics 29, no. 3 (2023): 45-62.
    6. U.S. Department of Education, Annual Report on Educational Progress (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2023), 234.

    Quick Reference Format Guide

    Notes-Bibliography System

    Books: Author, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), page.
    Articles: Author, "Title," Journal vol, no. issue (Date): pages.
    Websites: Author, "Title," Website, Date, URL.
    Subsequent: Author, Short Title, page.

    Author-Date System

    In-text: (Author Year, page)
    Books: Author. Year. Title. Place: Publisher.
    Articles: Author. Year. "Title." Journal vol (issue): pages.
    Websites: Author. Year. "Title." Website. Date. URL.

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