AAA References Cited
Create comprehensive reference lists following AAA style for anthropological papers
References Cited Fundamentals
AAA reference lists appear at the end of the paper under the heading "REFERENCES CITED" and include all sources cited in the text, arranged alphabetically by author.
Key Guidelines:
- • Alphabetical order by author surname
- • Hanging indent for each entry
- • Double-spaced throughout
- • Include only sources cited in text
- • Use specific format for ethnographic sources
- • Capitalize only first word of titles and subtitles
Books
Format:
Author, First Name
Year Title of book: Subtitle. City: Publisher.
Examples:
Benedict, Ruth
1934 Patterns of culture. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Geertz, Clifford
1973 The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Levi-Strauss, Claude
1949 The elementary structures of kinship. Boston: Beacon Press.
Journal Articles
Format:
Author, First Name
Year Title of article. Journal Name Volume(Issue):page range.
Examples:
Turner, Victor W.
1969 Liminality and communitas. American Ethnologist 1(2):95-125.
Abu-Lughod, Lila
1991 Writing against culture. American Anthropologist 93(1):137-162.
Edited Collections and Book Chapters
Format:
Author, First Name
Year Chapter title. In Book title, edited by Editor Name, pp. xx-xx. City: Publisher.
Example:
Rosaldo, Renato
1989 Grief and a headhunter's rage. In Culture and truth: The remaking of social analysis, edited by Renato Rosaldo, pp. 1-21. Boston: Beacon Press.
Ethnographic and Field Sources
Personal Communication
Gonzalez, Maria (Elder, Pueblo Community)
2023 Personal communication, September 20.
Interview
Smith, John (Traditional Craftsperson)
2023 Interview by author. Digital recording. August 10, Village Center.
Field Notes
Author
2023 Field notes. October 15, Ceremonial Grounds, [Location].
Museum Collection
National Museum of Anthropology
2023 Ceramic vessel, Catalog #2023.45. Washington, DC.
Digital and Electronic Sources
Online Journal Article:
Author, First Name
Year Article title. Journal Name Volume(Issue):pages. DOI or URL, accessed Month Day, Year.
Digital Archive:
Archive Name
Year Collection title. URL, accessed Month Day, Year.
Examples:
Johnson, Sarah M.
2023 Digital ethnography in virtual communities. Anthropology Today 39(2):15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ante.12345, accessed October 15, 2023.
Human Relations Area Files
2023 Cross-cultural database. https://hraf.yale.edu, accessed October 15, 2023.
Special Publication Types
Dissertation/Thesis
Davis, Rebecca L.
2023 Ritual and identity in contemporary Maya communities. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.
Film/Documentary
Producer, Jane
2023 Voices from the field: An ethnographic journey. Documentary film. New York: Independent Films.
Government Report
Bureau of Indian Affairs
2023 Tribal language preservation report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Sample References Cited
Here's an example of a properly formatted AAA references cited list:
REFERENCES CITED
Benedict, Ruth
1934 Patterns of culture. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Geertz, Clifford
1973 The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Gonzalez, Maria (Elder, Pueblo Community)
2023 Personal communication, September 20.
Turner, Victor W.
1969 Liminality and communitas. American Ethnologist 1(2):95-125.